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@eldo - 2007/08/07 19:04jvm: 과분한 칭찬을 해주시니 몸둘 바를 모르겠습니다.아직 블로그라 칭하기에 가장 중요한 요소가 많이 부족한 준비단계라고 스스로 여기고 있습니다.천천히 완성해가려 합니다. - 2007/08/17 05:16

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eldorado: 아무도 안오셨나 봐요.방명록이 텅 비어 있네요.아님 제가 잘못 찾아 온것인지....예전에 몇번 와 봤지만 저에겐 좀 어렵군요.좋은 블로그 같아요.jvm 이란 단어를 보면 왜 자꾸 vi 에디터가 생각 날까요? - 2007/07/27 21:53

Some Tutorials from HowtoForge

2009-02-01T22:58:00.000+01:00

Full Mail Server Solution w/ Virtual Domains & Users (Debian Etch, Postfix, Mysql, Dovecot, DSpam, ClamAV, Postgrey, RBL)

[VMWare] How to get the NIC working on a Linux guest(Debian Etch)

2009-02-01T22:24:00.000+01:00

Start the VM.
log in as root (su)
To find out the IP Address of the VM.
# ifconfig eth0
eth0: error fetching interface information: Device not found

[Solution]

Source : Official Open-Xchange Forum > - > -> VMWare Image with debian/Etch
By neo 03-16-2007, 11:02 AM

more..

determine the ethernet interface

ifconfig -a | grep eth

edit the network setup /etc/network/interfaces and /etc/init.d/info and replace eth0 with the NIC you find in the command above.

now reboot
:-)

:D

Instead of eth0, eth1 was found by the command above.
(Network Conneciton Type : "Bridged")

I've edited just /etc/network/interfaces and replace eth0 with eth1.

And then reboot.

Done.

[Link] Knowledge Dump

2009-02-01T11:49:00.000+01:00

Source : Linhost.info

Create symbolic links

Test disk performanace

Install from source

Install .bin

RPM installation

Find USB devices

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Install default LAMP stack (Ubuntu) apt-get

Some packages are being kept back

Network interface is missing after moving VMware virtual machine

Update and patch CentOS / Redhat

Show list of software to be updated

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Configure SELinux to be permissive

Basic IPTables configuration

Windows Server Domain Controller 기본 포트 목록

2009-01-26T22:04:00.000+01:00

[Source] Microsoft Help and Support

Active Directory를 실행 중인 Windows 2000 기반 Server 또는 Windows Server 2003 기반 Server에서 가장 일반적으로 열리는 Port/Protocol -- Service

21/TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) -- FTP

이 FTP(File Transfer Protocol) Server는 Internet Information Service(IIS)의 일부로 IIS Management Console에서 관리.

25/TCP -- SMTP

이 SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Service는 IIS Management Console에서 관리.

53/UDP(User Datagram Protocol) -- DNS

DNS(Domain Name System)를 사용하면 계층적이고 친숙한 이름을 통해 IP Network에서 Computer와 다른 Resource를 쉽게 찾을 수 있다. DNS를 사용하여 이름을 확인하는 것은 Windows Server에서는 중요한 작업. 이름이 제대로 확인되지 않으면 User가 Network에 있는 Resource를 찾을 수 없다.

80/TCP -- HTTP

HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)는 WWW(World Wide Web)에서 Text, Graphic Image, Sound, Video 및 기타 Multimedia File을 교환할 때 적용되는 Ruleset. Internet에서의 정보 교환에 기본이 되는 TCP/IP Protocol Suite와 비교해보면 HTTP는 Program Protocol.

88/UDP -- Kerberos

Kerberos Protocol은 Key Distribution Model에 기반을 둔 Network Authentication Method. 이 Protocol을 사용하면 Network를 통해 통신하는 Entity들이 서로에게 자신의 신분을 증명하면서 동시에 도청이나 재연 공격을 방지할 수 있다. Kerberos KDC(Key Distribution Center)는 Ticket Request에 대해 이 Port에서 수신 대기. Kerberos Protocol의 Port 88도 TCP/UDP가 될 수 있다.

Kerberos : The Network Authentication Protocol

119/TCP -- NNTP

NNTP(Network News Transfer Protocol)는 Computer에서 Usenet News Group에 게시된 참고 사항을 관리하는 데 사용되는 주요 Protocol. NNTP Server는 수집된 Usenet News Group의 global Network를 관리.

135/TCP -- RPC

RPC(Remote Procedure Call)는 Distributed Network에서 Windows-based Computer(Client)의 Program이 별도의 Windows-based Computer(Server)에서 실행 중인 다른 Program의 Service를 호출할 수 있게 해주는 기능. RPC는 TCP/IP를 포함하여 Windows Networking Protocol 중 하나의 통신 Service를 사용할 수 있는 Program Level Protocol.

137/UDP -- NetBIOS Name Server

NetBIOS Name Server(NBNS) Protocol은 NetBT(NetBIOS over TCP/IP) Protocol 제품군의 일부로 NetBIOS 인식 Network에서 Host name과 Address를 mapping할 수 있게 해준다.

* Enable NetBIOS Over TCP/IP (NetBT)

138/UDP -- NetBIOS Datagram

NetBIOS(Network Basic Input Output System) Datagram은 NetBT(NetBIOS over TCP/IP) Protocol 제품군의 일부로 Network Logon과 Search에 사용.

139/TCP -- NetBIOS Session Service

NetBIOS Session Service는 NetBT(NetBIOS over TCP/IP) Protocol 제품군의 일부로 SMB(Server Message Block), File Sharing 및 Print에 사용.

389/UDP -- LDAP

LDAP는 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. LDAP는 Directory Service에 대한 Access를 제공하기 위한 표준 방법으로 설계되었다. Windows Server에서 LDAP는 Operating System이 Active Directory Database에 Access할 때 사용하는 기본 방법.

443/TCP -- HTTPS

HTTPS(Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol)는 HTTP의 변형으로 Security Transaction을 처리하는 데 사용된다. HTTPS는 고유한 Protocol로 HTTP에서의 SSL(Secure Sockets Layer).

445/TCP -- SMB

SMB Protocol은 Microsoft Windows NT와 Windows Server에서의 File Sharing에 사용된다. Windows Server에서는 NetBT라는 추가 계층 없이 TCP/IP를 통해 직접 SMB를 실행할 수 있다.

464/TCP -- Kerberos Password V5

Kerberos Change Password Protocol은 Administrator가 새 User의 Password 설정을 거부하는 데 사용된다. 일부 환경에서는 이 기능이 유용하며 Password 설정을 사용 가능하게 설정하는 데 이 제안이 사용될 수 있다. 이 Protocol은 User가 자신의 Password를 변경할 때 사용된다.

500/UDP-- ISAKMP

ISAKMP(Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol)나 IKE(Internet Key Exchange;Windows Server의 경우)는 VPN(Virtual Private Network)의 Key Exchange Mechanism. ISAKMP는 암호화 Key의 교환을 관리하고 2단계 Process를 사용하여 두 Gateway 사이에서 IPSec(Internet Protocol Security) 연결을 설정.

563/TCP -- SNEWS

SNEWS는 보안 NNTP(NNTP over SSL).

593/TCP -- RPC over HTTP

RPC over HTTP는 COM+ Internet Service에 사용되며 IIS가 작동하고 있어야 한다.

636/TCP -- LDAP over SSL

SSL이 설정되어 있으면 전송 및 수신되는 LDAP Data가 암호화된다.

1067/TCP -- Installation Bootstrap Service

Installation Bootstrap Protocol Server.

1068/TCP -- Installation Bootstrap Service

Installation Bootstrap Protocol Client.

1645/UDP -- IAS: Internet Authentication Service

이 Service는 RADIUS(Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service) Authentication Message를 처리하는 데 사용, IAS에서 이전 버전의 RADIUS Server와의 호환성을 제공하기 위해 지원.

1646/UDP -- IAS: 인터넷 인증 서비스

이 Service는 RADIUS Account Message를 처리하는 데 사용, IAS에서 이전 버전의 RADIUS Server와의 호환성을 제공하기 위해 지원.

1701/UDP -- L2TP

L2TP(Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol)은 다양한 미디어를 통해 Standard PPP(Point-to-Point Protocol)를 캡슐화하기 위한 방법. 또한 UDP Packet을 사용하여 PPP를 캡슐화할 수도 있다.

1723/TCP -- PPTP

PPTP는 지점간 터널링 프로토콜(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)의 약어이다. VPN 제품에서는 IP가 자주 사용된다. Windows NT가 PPTP Server를 지원하고 Windows NT와 Windows 95 둘 다 PPTP Client를 지원한다.
(PPTP enables the secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private enterprise server by creating a virtual private network (VPN) across TCP/IP-based data networks.)

1812/UDP -- IAS: Internet Authentication Service

이 Service는 RADIUS Account Message를 처리하는 데 사용.

1813/UDP -- IAS: Internet Authentication Service

이 Service는 RADIUS Account Message를 처리하는 데 사용.

3268/TCP -- Microsoft Global Catalog

Active Directory Global Catalog가 이 Port에서 수신 대기한다.

3269/TCP -- LDAP/SSL 포함 Microsoft Global Catalog

Microsoft Global Catalog SSL 연결이 이 Port에서 수신 대기한다.

3389/TCP -- Remote Desktop Protocol

RDP는 Thin Client가 Network를 통해 Terminal Server와 통신할 수 있게 해주는 Protocol. 이 Protocol은 현재 Microsoft NetMeeting 에서 사용되고 있는 다중 채널 회의 프로토콜의 국제 표준인 ITU(International Telecommunication Union) T.120 Protocol에 기반을 두고 있다.

More to read:
Service overview and network port requirements for the Windows Server system

Windows 서버 시스템의 서비스 개요 및 네트워크 포트 요구 사항

[Tip][Link] Protecting yourself when downloading using BitTorrent

2008-12-29T23:31:00.000+01:00

If you’ve been using BitTorrent to download any of the more popular files, such as the latest episode of some major TV show, you may have found yourself receiving lots of “Wasted” data. This is data that has been discarded after being deemed corrupt or invalid by your BitTorrent client. Every so often, you will have received more wasted data than the size of the files you are downloading!

...... more
Protecting yourself when downloading using BitTorrent

Regular Expressions Summary table

2008-12-14T23:16:00.000+01:00

[Source] O'Reily - Mastering Regular Expressions 2nd Edition

Summary Table.pdf

[Definition] Backup-Strategien + Overview for the backup types

2008-11-28T22:09:00.000+01:00

[Quelle] bullhost.de PC-Lexikon

Bei dem EDV Begriff Backup-Strategien handelt es sich um verschiedene Vorgehensweisen beim Anlegen von Sicherungskopien eines Datenbestand. Es werden prinzipiell 3 unterschiedliche Strategien unterschieden, das Gesamt- bzw. die Vollsicherung, das Inkrementelle- bzw. die Differenzialsicherung und das Zuwachs-Backup bzw. die Zuwachssicherung.

Gesamt-Backup bzw. Vollsicherung: Bei dieser Strategie handelt es sich um eine zeitsparende, komfortable Strategie, da der komplette Datenbestand eines Datenträgers oder einer Partition gesichert wird. Diese Vorgehensweise hat den wesentlichen Nachteil, das eine hohe Speicherkapazität benötigt wird.

Differenzial- bzw. Inkrementelles-Backup: Bei der Differenzialsicherung werden nur die Daten bzw. Dateien gesichert, die sich seit dem letzten Gesamt-Backup geändert haben. Das hat den wesentlichen Vorteil das geringe Speicherreserven und ein geringer Zeitaufwand bei der Sicherung benötigt werden. Setzt jedoch ein zuvor angelegtes Gesamt-Backup als Basis voraus.

Zuwachs-Backup bzw. Zuwachssicherung: Bei dieser Strategie werden nur die Daten, Dateien und Dokumente gesichert, die seit der letzten Differenzialsicherung bzw. Vollsicherung hinzugekommen oder geändert wurden. Diese Strategie ist wie die Differenzialsicherung bei der Sicherung sehr zeitsparend und speicherkapazitätsfreundlich, ist jedoch bei der Wiederherstellung der einzelnen Daten, Dateien oder Dokumente sehr zeitaufwendig.

Die Mischform aus allen drei Strategien bezeichnet man als Medienrotationsverfahren und gilt als zuverlässigste und optimalste Sicherung eines Datenbestands. Man unterscheidet 3 Arten von Medienrotationsverfahren.
1. Tägliches Gesamt Backup
2. Wöchentliches Gesamt- & tägliches Differenzial-Backup
3. Monatliches & wöchentliches Gesamt- & tägliches Differenzial-Backup

Die Zeitspanne des zyklischen Medienrotationsverfahren bezeichnet man als Sicherungshorizont und je nach Sicherungsstufe Generationsprinzip, dabei unterscheidet man 2 Sicherungsstufen Vater-Sohn-Prinzip und Großvater-Vater-Sohn-Prinzip.

Overview of the Backup types : full backup, differential backup, incremental backup and mirror backup

[Source] Backup4all - Help - Articles

Full backup is the starting point for all other types of backup and contains all the data in the folders and files that are selected to be backed up. Because full backup stores all files and folders, frequent full backups result in faster and simpler restore operations. Remember that when you choose other backup types, restore jobs may take longer.

Read full backup page for more details.

Differential backup contains all files that have changed since the last FULL backup. The advantage of a differential backup is that it shortens restore time compared to a full backup or an incremental backup. However, if you perform the differential backup too many times, the size of the differential backup might grow to be larger than the baseline full backup.

Read differential backup page for more details.

Incremental backup stores all files that have changed since the last FULL, DIFFERENTIAL OR INCREMENTAL backup. The advantage of an incremental backup is that it takes the least time to complete. However, during a restore operation, each incremental backup must be processed, which could result in a lengthy restore job.

Read incremental backup page for more details.

Mirror backup is identical to a full backup, with the exception that the files are not compressed in zip files and they can not be protected with a password. A mirror backup is most frequently used to create an exact copy of the backup data. It has the benefit that the backup files can also be readily accessed using tools like Windows Explorer.

Read mirror backup page for more details.

Some backup softwares inspect each file's Archive flag to identify which files have been modified.

Active Directory Collection

2008-10-26T14:37:00.000+01:00

Source : Microsoft Technet
Active Directory Collection : Active Directory

........

Active Directory is typically used for one of three purposes:

Internal directory. Used within the corporate network for publishing information about users and resources within the enterprise. A company’s internal directory may be accessible to employees when they are outside the company network using a secure connection such as a virtual private network (VPN) connection, but it is not accessible to non-employees.
External directory. These are directories typically located on servers in the perimeter network or demilitarized zone (DMZ) at the boundary between the corporate local area network (LAN) and the public Internet. External directories are typically used to store information about customers, clients, and business partners who access external applications or services. They are also made available to customers, clients, and business partners to provide them with selected business information such as catalogs and so on.
Application directory. Application directories store “private” directory data that is relevant only to the application in a local directory, perhaps on the same server as the application, without requiring any additional configuration to Active Directory. The personalization data, which is only interesting to the portal application and does not need to be widely replicated, can be stored solely in the directory associated with the application. This solution reduces replication traffic on the network between domain controllers.

Active Directory on a Windows Server 2003 Network

Active Directory is the information hub of the Windows Server 2003 operating system. The following figure shows Active Directory as the focal point of the Windows Server 2003 network used to manage identities and broker relationships between distributed resources so they can work together.

Active Directory on a Windows Server 2003 Network

........

[wiki] Active Directory

2008-10-26T11:33:00.000+01:00

Quelle : Active Directory - Wikipedia DE

Der Verzeichnisdienst von Microsoft Windows 2000/Windows Server 2003 heißt Active Directory (AD). Ab der aktuellen Version Windows Server 2008 wird die Kernkomponente als Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS) bezeichnet. .....

Active Directory ermöglicht es, ein Netzwerk entsprechend der realen Struktur des Unternehmens oder seiner räumlichen Verteilung zu gliedern. Dazu verwaltet es verschiedene Objekte in einem Netzwerk wie beispielsweise Benutzer, Gruppen, Computer, Server, Dateifreigaben und andere Geräte wie Drucker und Scanner und deren Eigenschaften. Mit Hilfe von Active Directory kann ein Administrator die Informationen der Objekte organisieren, bereitstellen und überwachen.

Den Benutzern des Netzwerkes können Zugriffsbeschränkungen erteilt werden. So darf zum Beispiel nicht jeder Benutzer jede Datei ansehen oder jeden Drucker verwenden.

Serverrollen

Seit Windows Server 2008 sind unter dem Begriff Active Directory fünf verschiedene Serverrollen zusammengefasst:

Active Directory Domain Services (Active Directory DomänenVerzeichnisdienst, ADDS) sind die aktuelle Version des ursprünglichenVerzeichnisdienstes und der zentrale Punkt der Domänen- undRessourcenverwaltung.
Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (Active DirectoryLightweight Verzeichnisdienst, ADLDS) sind eine funktionaleingeschränkte Version des ADDS, die der Anbindung von Anwendungen oderDiensten, die LDAP-konforme Informationen aus dem Verzeichnisbenötigen, dient. Erstmals in Windows Server 2003 implementiert, wurdeder Dienst dort als Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM) bezeichnet.
Active Directory Federation Services (Active DirectoryVerbunddienste, ADFS) dienen der webgestützten Authentifizierung vonBenutzern, wenn diese sich in Bereichen außerhalb derADDS-Infrastruktur befinden.
Active Directory Rights Management Services (Active DirectoryRechteverwaltungsdienste, ADRMS) schützen Ressourcen durchkryptografische Methoden gegen unbefugte Einsicht.
Active Directory Certificate Services (Active Directory-Zertifikatsdienste, ADCS) stellen eine Public-Key-Infrastruktur bereit.

Die vier Hauptkomponenten

1. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

Der LDAP-Serverstellt Informationen über Benutzer und deren Gruppenzugehörigkeitbereit. Aber auch andere Objekte wie zum Beispiel die Zertifikate einesComputers werden in dem Verzeichnis gespeichert.

2. Kerberos-Protokoll

Kerberosist ein Protokoll, mit welchem der Benutzer authentifiziert wird, sodass er ein sogenanntes „Ticket Granting Ticket“ (TGT) erhält. Mitdiesem ist es möglich, sich Diensttickets für den Zugriff auf einenbestimmten Dienst innerhalb des Netzwerks zu besorgen. Der Benutzermuss dabei nur einmal sein Passwort eingeben, um das TGT zu erhalten.Die Besorgung der Diensttickets erfolgt dabei im Hintergrund.

3. Common Internet File System (CIFS)

Das CIFS-Protokoll ist für die Ablage von Dateien im Netzwerk vorgesehen. Dabei wird DNS zum Auffinden der einzelnen Computersysteme und Dienstinformationen (SRV Resource Record) genutzt. Es stellt außerdem aufgrund des standardisierten Protokolls eine Möglichkeit zur Anbindung an das Internet dar.

4. Domain Name System (DNS)

Anders als frühere Windows-Versionen wie zum Beispiel Windows NT 4.0, welche für die Namensauflösung NetBIOS verwendeten, ist für Active Directory ein eigenes DNS erforderlich. Um voll funktionsfähig zu sein, muss der DNS-Server SRV-Ressourceneinträge unterstützen.
Aus Gründen der Kompatibilität sind Windows 2000 oder -XP-Clientsmit entsprechender Konfiguration auch bei Einsatz eines ActiveDirectories weiterhin in der Lage, mit Hilfe von NetBIOS oder WINS Ressourcen im Netzwerk ausfindig zu machen.

...............

2007/08/27 - [Network/Link for Network] - Active Directory란 무엇인가?

Active Directory란 무엇인가?

2008-10-26T11:27:00.000+01:00

출처 : 포항 MBC 기술부 홈페이지

Directory Service란 Network 상의 Resources을 정의하고 Users 및 Applications이 이를 사용할 수 있도록 하는 Network Service .....
여기서 Resource이란 Computer, Email Address, Printer 등을 포함 .....
이상적인 Directory Service는 물리적인 Network Topology나 Protocol을 투명하게 해서 물리적으로 그것들이 어떻게 구성되어 있건 간에 User가 Resource를 이용하고자 할 때 실제로 그 Resource가 어디에 어떻게 연결되어 있는지 몰라도 이용가능하도록 구현되어야 한다.

현재 가장 널리 이용되는 Directory Service를 들라고 하면 Email Address를 대상으로 주로 사용되는 LDAP와 Novell Netware Network에서 이용되는 NDS(Netware Directory Service)가 있으며 거의 모든 Directory Service가 ITU(International Telecommunication Union)의 X.500 Standard에 기반.....
간단하게 말하면 Network 상의 모든 Resources에 관한 정보를 담고 있는 중앙 Service 또는 Server.

Windows 2000의 Active Directory는 위와 같은 표준에 따른 Microsoft Version의 Directory Service.

Details ...

[Tip] How to create a New User on Windows Server 2003

2008-10-20T20:09:00.000+02:00

Windows Server 2003의 경우 새로 설치하고 나면 사용자는 Administrator뿐이다.

Terminal Services를 사용하지 않고자 하거나, 이 Server를 이용하는 다른 사용자가 없다고 하더라도, 새로이 User를 추가하는 것은 유용하다.

아래 Link의 저자가 추천하는 것은 Administrator외에 추가로 2명의 User를 더 생성하는 것이다.

하나는 직접 Administrator Account에 로그인하는 것을 피하기 위한 "Administrators" group의 한 구성원이면서, 어쩔 수 없이 Administrator로 로그인해야만 하는 상황에 사용하기 위한 사용자이다.

또 다른 하나는 "Users" group의 한 구성원이다.
UNIX에서와 같이 오직 이 Regular User로서만 로그인하고, Administrator로서 Program을 실행할 필요가 있을 때에는 "runas" Command를 사용하기를 권고하고 있다.

Windows Server에서 관리자가 이런 환경에서 작업하는 것은 상당히 불편하므로 이 권고를 그대로 따르지는 않겠지만, 적어도 Administrator Account를 그대로 사용하는 것만은 바람직하지 못하다.
임의로 "Administrators" group에 속하는 사용자를 새로이 생성하여 사용하고 Administrator Account를 비활성화하는 것이 내가 택한 절충안이다. 당연한 말이지만 이런 식으로 조금 더 편리함을 도모할수록 보안상의 위험성이 높아진다는 것을 명심할 필요가 있다.

Control Panel에는 새로운 사용자를 생성하기 위한 Shortcut이 제공되지 않는다.
새로운 사용자 생성은 Local User and Groups snap-in (Start menu - Run - lusrmgr.msc)을 통해 가능하다.

[Link] Creating a New User on Windows Server 2003

[Tip] Deactivate the Shutdown Event Tracker + Set Interactive logon: Do not require CTRL+ALT+DEL

2008-10-20T19:56:00.000+02:00

Group Policy Object Editor(Start menu - Run - gpedit.msc)
- Computer Configuration
   - Administrative Templates
- System
[Display Shutdown Event Tracker]항목을 "disabled"로 설정.

- Computer Configuration
   - Windows Settings
- Security Settings
- Local Policies
   - Security Options
   [Interactive logon: Do not require CTRL+ALT+DEL]항목을 "enabled"로 설정.

[Tip] Linux/Unix에서 압축파일 다루기

2008-09-12T11:06:00.000+02:00

물론 zip이나 rar 또는 7zip과 같은 압축파일형식은 Platform에 구애받지 않고 사용될 수 있고 실재로 많이 사용되고 있기는 하지만, Linux/Unix에서 가장 자주 만나게 되는 압축파일은 filename.tar.gz 와 filename.tar.bz2와 같은 형식이다.
(최근의 Data Compression Software들은 다양한 format을 지원하고 있기 때문에 tar.gz나 tar.bz2 등도 적절한 Windows Utility를 사용하면 MS Windows에서 사용하는 데 큰 어려움은 없다.)
Kernel Source라든지 Application들의 Source Package들도 주로 이 두가지 형식으로 배포된다.
이러한 압축파일들은 tar 명령과 gzip, bzip2와 같은 Utility들을 이용하여 만들어질 수 있다.

===| TAR |=======================
TAR는 UNIX의 standard archive utility로서 원래 Tape ARchiving program에서 유래하였다.
지정된 여러 개의 file들을 archive라고 부르는 하나의 file로 만들거나, 하나의 archive에 모아져 있는 여러 개의 file을 원래의 형태대로 추출해내는 UNIX SHELL command이다.
tar archive에는 ".tar"라는 확장자가 붙는다. tar archive 내에 들어있는 file들은 압축되는 것이 아니라, 단지 하나로 모아지는 것뿐이다. 흔히 tar로 묶어진 archive를 "tarball"이라 부르기도 한다. 이러한 tar archive를 gzip이나 bzip2로 다시 압축한 것이 archive-name.tar.gz와 archive-name.tar.bz2이다.

$ tar cvf backup.tar /home/jvm
이 명령은 /home/jvm 안의 모든 file을 backup.tar의 이름으로 묶는다. 첫 번째 argument인 "cvf" 는 tar의 option으로서, "c"는 새로운 file을 생성(create)하며, "v"는 명령이 수행되는 세부 process를 화면에 출력될 것을 지정한다(verbose). "f"는 생성될 file의 이름을 다음에 나오는 argument인 backup.tar로 지정한다(file). 마지막 argument는 압축이 될 file이나 directory이다.

# tar xvf backup.tar
current directory의 backup.tar를 푼다(extract). tar로 묶인 것을 풀 때 기존의 file들을 덮어쓰게 되므로 주의를 요한다. backup.tar가 directory를 포함한다면, 자동적으로 directory가 생성되고 file이 속하게 된다.

===| compress |=======================
근래에는 잘 사용하지 않는 compress의 경우 가장 먼저 나와서 가장 오랫동안 사용되었으나, algorithm에 대한 Software License 문제와 gzip의 효율이 compress 보다 좋다는 점, 그리고 gzip으로도 compress를 이용해 압축된 file을 다룰 수 있다는 등의 이유로 gzip(GNU Zip)으로 대치되었다.

compress로 압축된 file의 끝에는 확장자 .Z가 붙는다. 예를 들면,
$ compress backup.tar 라는 명령으로 backup.tar를 compress를 사용해 압축하면 backup.tar.Z이 만들어진다.
압축을 해제할 때에는 다음과 같이 uncompress를 이용한다.
$ uncompress backup.tar.Z 해주면 backup.tar가 풀려나온다.

===| GZip |=======================
GNU Zip(gzip)은 compress 명령보다 더 나은 Data Compression기능을 갖고 있으며 주로 tar로 묶여진 archive를 다시 압축할 때 사용하게 된다.
압축파일에는 ".gz"라는 확장자가 붙는다.

$ gzip -9 backup.tar 와 같이 명령을 주면 최상의 압축률(-9)로 backup.tar를 압축한 backup.tar.gz가 만들어진다.
이것을 Pipe와 Redirection을 사용하여
$ tar cvf - /home/jvm | gzip -9c > backup.tar.gz 와 같이 해주어도 된다.
(먼저 tar file을 tar의 표준출력(-)으로 보내고, 이것은 gzip과 pipe되어 들어오는 tar file을 압축하여 그 결과를 backup.tar.gz로 redirect시킴으로써 file로 저장된다. gzip의 -c option은 출력을 redirect하기 위해 표준출력으로 보낸다.)

압축을 해제하기 위한 명령은 gunzip이다. 이것은 gzip -d와 동일하다.
$ gunzip backup.tar.gz 명령을 통해 backup.tar가 풀려나오고,
$ tar xvf backup.tar 해주면 archive가 풀려진다.
이 두 명령을 한 번에 하려면
$ gunzip -c backup.tar.gz | tar xvf - 와 같이 하면된다.
(gunzip은 bacup.tar.gz의 압축을 해제하고, 그 결과를 표준출력으로서 tar에 보낸다. -는 tar의 표준출력.)

이제 흔히 볼 수는 없지만 확장자가 .taz이거나 .tgz인 archive들을 어디선가 만날 수 있다.
Linux/Unix에서는 file을 하나의 archive로 인식하기 위하여 어떤 특정한 확장자를 꼭 붙여줄 필요가 없다. 단지 알아보기 편하도록 tar로 묶으면 확장자 .tar를 붙이고, 이것을 압축하면 .tar.Z나 .tar.gz와 같은 확장자가 붙게 된 것이다.
그렇지만 MS-Dos System에서는 이러한 이중확장자를 사용할 수 없었기 때문에 .tar.Z와 동일한 .taz확장자와 .tar.gz와 동일한 .tgz가 사용되었다. 이러한 압축을 푸는 방식은 물론 .tar.Z와 .tar.gz와 동일하다.

===| bzip2 |=======================
bzip2는 Lossless Data Compression Algorithm으로 Burrows-Wheeler Transform(Block-Sorting Compression)을 써서 자주 반복되는 Character String을 같은 Character String로 변환한 다음 MTF(move-to-front) Transform, Huffman Coding을 차례대로 적용하는 구조이다. gzip이나 zip에 비해 압축률이 좋지만 느리다.(13MByte 정도 크기의 text file을 압축하면 354kByte가 되었다고 하니 놀랄만한 압축률이다.)
bzip2 자체적으로는 다중파일을 다루거나 분할압축, 암호화 등의 기능이 없다. 그러한 기능은 tar와 같은 다른 Utility가 대신하게 된다. 특징이나 사용할 수 있는 option은 gzip과 거의 같다.
압축파일에는 ".bz2"라는 확장자가 붙는다.

$ bzip2 backup.tar 와 같이 명령을 주면 backup.tar를 압축한 backup.tar.bz2가 만들어진다.
이것을 Pipe와 Redirection을 사용하여
$ tar cvf - /home/jvm | bzip2 > backup.tar.gz 와 같이 해주어도 된다.

bzip2는 압축만 할 수 있고 archive 기능은 가지고 있지 않다.
또한 위에서 다중파일을 다루지 못한다고 하였는데 여러 file들을 각각 동시에 압축하는 것은 가능하다.
예를 들어 file1, file2, file3 가 있는 directory에서
$ bzip2 * 와 같이 명령을 주면 file1.bz2, file2.bz2, file3.bz2 가 생성된다.
$ bunzip2 * 해주면 file1, file2, file3가 동시에 풀려져 나온다.

압축을 해제하기 위한 명령은 bunzip2이다. 이것은 bzip2 -d와 동일하다.
$ bunzip2 backup.tar.gz 명령을 통해 backup.tar가 풀려나오고,
$ tar xvf backup.tar 해주면 archive가 풀려진다.
이 두 명령을 한 번에 하려면
$ bunzip2 -c backup.tar.gz | tar xvf - 와 같이 하면된다.

[Tip]
BSD와 GNU Version tar는 compress와 gzip압축을 다룰 수 있는 option(Z / z)와
bzip2압축을 다룰 수 있는 option(j)가 patch되어 있다.
따라서 pipe를 사용하지 않고 한 번의 명령으로 압축이나 해제를 할 수 있다.

$ tar czvf archive-name.tar.gz * 라고 하면 하위 디렉토리를 포함한 모든 파일을 tar로 묶어서(.file은 제외) gzip으로 압축하라는 의미이다.
(Z option에 archive-name.tar.gz 대신에 archive-name.tar.Z를 사용하면 compress로 압축.)

$ tar xzvf archive-name.tar.gz와 같이 z option을 사용하여 tar.gz을 한 번에 압축해제 가능.
(Z option에 archive-name.tar.gz 대신에 archive-name.tar.Z를 입력하면 compress 압축해제.)

하위 디렉토리를 포함한 모든 파일을 tar로 묶어서(.file은 제외) bzip2로 압축하려면
$ tar cjvf archive-name.tar.bz2 *

tar.bz2를 한 번에 압축해제 시키려면
$ tar xjvf archive-name.tar.bz2

결론적으로 여러 Data Compression Software들이 있지만 tar 하나만 잘 활용하면 .tar, .tar.Z, .taz, .tar.gz, .tgz, .tar.bz2 와 같은 확장자를 가진 모든 압축파일을 문제없이 사용할 수 있다.

<추가>
tar의 info page를 찾아보다가 그동안 정확히 알고 있지 못하던 내용을 새로이 보게되어 추가한다.
tar에서 option을 주는 방법은 Long option / Short option / Old style option 세가지가 있다.
--verbose 이렇게 사용하는 것은 Long option,
-v 이렇게 쓰는 것은 Short option이고 Old style option은 Short option과 마찬가지로 Single letter이다.
그러나 단독으로 사용할 수는 없고 공백없이 option letter들을 붙여쓴다.
위에서 tar에 대한 예로서 사용한 명령들은 다 Old style option을 사용하였다.

tar --create --file=archive.tar file1
tar -cf archive.tar file1
tar cf archive.tar file1

이 세 명령은 모두 동일하다. 그렇지만 조심해야할 경우가 있다.

tar -cfz archive.tar.gz file1
tar cfz archive.tar.gz file1

이 두 명령은 전혀 다르다. Old style option의 경우 f option에 대한 value로서 archive.tar.gz를 사용하고,
gzip압축을 위한 option으로서 z를 인식하게 된다. 이와 같은 기대를 하고 tar -cfz archive.tar.gz file1 을
사용하면 전혀 의외의 결과를 얻게된다. 왜냐하면 이 경우 z가 f option에 대한 value로 받아들여져 버리기
때문이다. 하지만 다음과 같이 사용함으로써 이 문제를 피할 수 있다.

tar -czf archive.tar.gz file1
tar -cf archive.tar.gz -z file1
tar cf archive.tar.gz -z file1

Old style option은 구버전의 tar와의 호환성을 위해 유지되고 있다.
Long option의 경우 단어 자체를 사용하므로 직관적이나 길어서 불편하다.
개인적으로는 Old style option이 편하긴 하지만 아무래도 Short option 형태를 사용하는 것이 나을 것도 같다.
다만 f option의 경우처럼 value가 바로 따라오는 syntax를 가진 경우를 조심해야한다.

[Vista] 비스타 팁 총정리

2008-09-11T23:23:00.000+02:00

http://flyspace6059.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!CB934C07AD7DB567!117.entry

[Link] IIS Admin Blog + ASP Free Forums

2008-07-18T14:21:00.000+02:00

How to install PHP on IIS 6.0

How to install MySQL and PHP on IIS 6.0

How to install WordPress on IIS 6.0

/** db와 user를 생성하고 사용 권한을 주는 기본적인 명령 **/
mysql> CREATE DATABASE databasename;

mysql> CREATE USER 'username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

mysql> GRANT SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE , DELETE , CREATE , DROP , ALTER ON 'databasename' . * TO 'username'@'localhost';

// 이 명령을 실행하면 error가 발생하는 데 syntax가 잘못되었다고 하지만 어디가 정확히 잘못된 것인지 찾지 못해 db생성은 phpMyAdmin을 사용하였다.

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysql> CREATE DATABASE databasename;

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON databasename.* TO "dbusername"@"hostname"
-> IDENTIFIED BY "password";

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Using PHP with MS SQL Server

[Link] Getting Started With OpenSolaris 2008.05

2008-07-17T22:37:00.000+02:00

Getting Started With OpenSolaris 2008.05

Document Information

1. Getting Started With OpenSolaris 2008.05

2. Getting Started With the Image Packaging System

IPS Overview

IPS for End Users (Tasks)

Installing Developer Software (Tasks)

IPS for Developers (Commands)

IPS For Developers (Tasks)

Further Information

pkg(1) Command Reference

Glossary

NetBeans Packages

Sun Studio Express 5/08 Packages

Web Stack Packages

3. Upgrading and Managing Your Boot Environments

[scrap] Howto use Blastewave and Sunfreeware Repositories in OpenSolaris 2008.05

2008-07-17T22:18:00.000+02:00

[Source] EDV - Ende der Vernunft

First how much stuff is in it?

jvm@is7:~# pkg list -a | wc -l
9214

Now add the repos.

jvm@is7:~# pkg set-authority -O http://blastwave.network.com:10000 blastwave
jvm@is7:~# pkg set-authority -O http://pkg.sunfreeware.com:9000 sunfreeware.com

And update.

jvm@is7:~# pkg refresh

So you get.

jvm@is7:~# pkg list -a | wc -l
11224

Some links for Solaris

2008-07-16T21:32:00.000+02:00

YouTube Video Quality Investigation

2008-07-11T13:55:00.000+02:00

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6KoEfczGEo 에서 공급한 동영상 소스

more..

DoA님께서 블로그에 올리신 소스

more..

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6KoEfczGEo&fmt=18 에서 capture.

수정된 고화질용 소스

/** 고화질 요청이 적용되지 않음. **/

DoA님께서 블로그에 올리신 고화질용 소스

/** 고화질 요청이 적용되었음. **/

제목처럼 거창한 작업은 아니지만 나름대로 상당히 번거로운 포스팅이 되고 말았다.
위에서 알 수 있듯이 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6KoEfczGEo&fmt=18 를 통해 고화질 비디오를 보는 것은 가능하였으나 동영상 소스 삽입은 동작하지 않았다.
이러한 현상이 일부 비디오에 해당하는 문제인지 전체 YouTube에 해당하는 문제인지는 아직 알 수 없다.
예전에 블로그에 올린 YouTube 비디오들은 다 사전에 두 버전을 비교해보았었기 때문에 당연히 작동한다고 믿고 있었던 것이 잘못된 것이었다.

Route Poisoning

2008-07-07T19:06:00.000+02:00

[Source] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Route poisoning is a way to prevent routing loops.
Distance-vector routing protocols use route poisoning to indicate to other routers that a route is no longer reachable and should be removed from their routing tables.
A variation of route poisoning is split horizon with poison reverse whereby a router sends updates with unreachable hop counts back to the sender for every route received to help prevent routing loops.

A route is considered unreachable if the hop count exceeds the maximum allowed. Route poisoning is a method of quickly removing outdated routing information from other router's routing tables by changing its hop count to be unreachable (higher than the maximum number of hops allowed) and sending a routing update.

In the case of the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), to perform route poisoning on a route its hop count is changed to 16, deeming it unreachable (sometimes referred to as an Infinite metric) and a routing update is sent.

Ethernet0 on GW_Router went down.
The Router is poisoning the routes and multicasting the new path costs via Ethernet1.

When a router receives a route poisoning, it sends an update back to the router from which it received the route poisoning, this is called poison reverse. This is to ensure that all routers on a segment have received the poisoned route information.

The security protocols to secure wireless computer networks

2008-07-07T18:09:00.000+02:00

[Source] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

WEP is a deprecated algorithm to secure IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Wireless networks broadcast messages using radio and are thus more susceptible to eavesdropping than wired networks.
Beginning in 2001, several serious weaknesses were identified by cryptanalysts with the result that today a WEP connection can be cracked with readily available software within minutes.

Two methods of authentication can be used with WEP: Open System authentication and Shared Key authentication.

Encryption Algorithm : stream cipher RC4 for confidentiality, CRC-32 checksum for integrity.

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2)

WPA is a certification program created by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
The WPA certification mark indicates compliance with a security protocol designed to enhance the security of wireless networks.

There are two flavors of this protocol: enterprise and personal.
Enterprise is meant for use with an IEEE 802.1X authentication server, which distributes different keys to each user.
Personal WPA utilizes less scalable "pre-shared key" (PSK) mode, where every allowed computer is given the same passphrase.
The WPA and WPA2 standard has officially adopted five EAP(Extensible Authentication Protocol) types as its official authentication mechanisms.

Data is encrypted using the RC4 stream cipher, with a 128-bit key and a 48-bit initialization vector(IV). One major improvement in the protocol over WEP is the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), which dynamically changes keys as the system is used.

In addition to authentication and encryption, the protocol also provides vastly improved payload integrity. The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) used in WEP is inherently insecure; A more secure message authentication code (MIC : message integrity code) is used in the protocol.

WPA2 introduces a new AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)-based algorithm, CCMP(Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol), that is considered fully secure. CCMP uses AES algorithm. Unlike TKIP, key management and message integrity is handled by a single component built around AES.

Comparison

	Authentication	Encryption Algorithm	Encryption Method
WEP	Open System authentication Shared Key authentication	RC4	WEP
WPA	802.1x / EAP / PSK	RC4	TKIP
WPA2	802.1x / EAP / PSK	AES	CCMP

[Link] Frame Relay

2008-07-07T16:49:00.000+02:00

Frame Relay @ protocols.com

Introduction to Frame Relay - Part 2 @ www.cramsession.com

.....
In 1990, Cisco and several partners developed the Local Management Interfaces (LMI) enhancements to the Frame protocol. LMI adds several important management functions to the Frame specifications. There are three types of LMI configurable on Cisco devices: Cisco, ANSI, and q933a (default is Cisco). LMI uses reserved DLCI 1023 (cisco LMI) or DLCI 0 (ANSI and ITU).
.....

[Link] Enhanced Inter-Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

2008-07-07T11:17:00.000+02:00

EIGRP @ wikipedia.org

EIGRP @ www.rhyshaden.com

EIGRP @ networking.ringofsaturn.com

#. List of IP protocol numbers
EIGRP = 88
OSPF = 89

[cisco.com] Understanding Port Security

2008-07-06T15:39:00.000+02:00

[Source] Catalyst 4500 Series Switch Cisco IOS Software Configuration Guide, 12.1(20)EW

> Configuring Port Security > Understanding Port Security

Understanding Port Security

You can use the port security feature to restrict input to an interfaceby limiting and identifying MAC addresses of the workstations that areallowed to access the port. When you assign secure MAC addresses to asecure port, the port does not forward packets with source addressesoutside the group of defined addresses. If you limit the number ofsecure MAC addresses to one and assign a single secure MAC address, theworkstation attached to that port is assured the full bandwidth of theport.

Ifa port is configured as a secure port and the maximum number of secureMAC addresses is reached, when the MAC address of a workstationattempting to access the port is different from any of the identifiedsecure MAC addresses, a security violation occurs.

After you have set the maximum number of secure MAC addresses on aport, the secure addresses are included in an address table in one ofthese ways:

•You can configure all secure MAC addresses by using the switchport port-security mac-address mac_address interface configuration command.

•You can allow the port to dynamically configure secure MAC addresses with the MAC addresses of connected devices.

•You can configure a number of addresses and allow the rest to be dynamically configured.

Note If the port shuts down, all dynamically learned addresses are removed.

Afterthe maximum number of secure MAC addresses is configured, they arestored in an address table. To ensure that an attached device has thefull bandwidth of the port, configure the MAC address of the attacheddevice and set the maximum number of addresses to one, which is thedefault.

Note Whena Catalyst 4000 switch port is configured to support voice as well asport security, the maximum number of allowable MAC addresses on thisport should be changed to three.

Asecurity violation occurs if the maximum number of secure MAC addresseshas been added to the address table and a workstation whose MAC addressis not in the address table attempts to access the interface.

You can configure the interface for one of these violation modes, based on the action to be taken if a violation occurs:

•Restrict—Aport security violation restricts data, causes the SecurityViolationcounter to increment, and causes an SNMP Notification to be generated.The rate at which SNMP traps are generated can be controlled by thesnmp-server enable traps port-security trap-rate command. The defaultvalue ("0") causes an SNMP trap to be generated for every securityviolation.

•Shutdown—Aport security violation causes the interface to shut down immediately.When a secure port is in the error-disabled state, you can bring it outof this state by entering the errdisable recovery cause psecure-violation global configuration command or you can manually reenable it by entering the shutdown and no shut down interface configuration commands. This is the default mode.

You can also customize the time to recover from the specified error disable cause (default is 300 seconds) by entering the errdisable recovery interval interval command.

Port Security Guidelines and Restrictions

Follow these guidelines when configuring port security:

•A secure port cannot be a trunk port.

•A secure port cannot be a destination port for Switch Port Analyzer (SPAN).

•A secure port cannot belong to an EtherChannel port-channel interface.

•Asecure port cannot be an 802.1X port. If you try to enable 802.1X on asecure port, an error message appears, and 802.1X is not enabled. Ifyou try to change an 802.1X-enabled port to a secure port, an errormessage appears, and the security settings are not changed.

•A secure port and static MAC address configuration are mutually exclusive.

##################################################################################
Switch1(config-if)# switchport port-security maximum 1
// Only one host is permitted to attach dynamically to each port.
Switch1(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown
// If that policy ist violated, the interface should shut down.

[scrap] WAN Layer 2 Encapsulation

2008-07-04T16:56:00.000+02:00

[Source]

Interconnecting WANs

> Establishing Serial Point-to-Point Connections

> WAN Layer 2 Encapsulation

WAN Layer 2 Encapsulation

As you move up from the physical layer of the OSImodel, serial devices must encapsulate data in a frame format at thedata link layer (Layer 2). Different services can use different framingformats.

To ensure that the correct protocol is used, you need to configure the appropriate data link layer encapsulation type. The choice of protocol depends on the WAN technology and communicating equipment. Figure 7-5 shows the protocols that are associated with the three WAN connectivity options.

Figure 7-5. Data Link Layer: WAN Encapsulation Types Based on Connection Type

Typical WAN encapsulation types include the following:

Cisco High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC or cHDLC)—cHDLC is the default encapsulation type for Cisco routers and is usedon point-to-point dedicated links and circuit-switched connections.Cisco HDLC is a proprietary synchronous data link layer protocoltypically used when communicating between two Cisco devices. HDLC iscovered in more detail later in this chapter.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)— PPPis a standard protocol that provides router-to-router andhost-to-network connections over many physical standards, includingsynchronous and asynchronous circuits. PPP was designed to work withseveral network layer protocols, such as IP. It also has built-insecurity mechanisms such as Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) andChallenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP). PPP is covered inmore detail later in this chapter.
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)— SLIP is a standard protocol for point-to-point serial connections using TCP/IP. SLIP has been largely displaced by PPP.
X.25/Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB)—LAPB is an International Telecommunications Union TelecommunicationsStandardization Sector (ITU-T) standard that defines how connectionsbetween DTE and DCE are established and maintained for remote terminalaccess and computer communications over unreliable links. The X.25specification defines LAPB as its data link layer protocol.
Frame Relay— Frame Relay is anindustry-standard switched data link layer protocol based on ISDNframing technology that handles multiple virtual circuits. Frame Relayis viewed as a successor to X.25, streamlined to eliminate some of thetime-consuming processes that were employed in X.25, such as errorcorrection and flow control, that were employed to compensate forolder, less-reliable communications links. Frame Relay is covered inmore detail in Chapter 8, "Establishing a Frame Relay PVC Connection."
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)—ATM is the international standard for cell relay in which multipleservice types (such as voice, video, and data) are conveyed infixed-length (53-byte) cells. Fixed-length cells allow processing tooccur in hardware, reducing transit delays. ATM is designed to takeadvantage of high-speed transmission media such as T3, E3, andSynchronous Optical Network (SONET).

[cisco.com] Cisco Feature Navigator

2008-07-04T16:55:00.000+02:00

Cisco Feature Navigator allows you to quickly find the right Cisco IOS, IOS XE and CatOS software release for the features you want to run on your network.

Cisco Feature Navigator

[Link] High Quality on Youtube

2008-06-28T21:56:00.000+02:00

Youtube has slowly started to create better quality versions of many videos, adding links that say, "Watch this video in higher quality." See this High Quality example and compare it to Youtube's Normal Quality.

..... more in Jimmy Ruska's Blog

+

How to Embed High Quality and Higher Resolution YouTube Videos on Blog or Website

[howtonetwork.net] How to configure your Router to be a Cisco DHCP Server

2008-06-28T21:37:00.000+02:00

[howtonetwork.net] How to configure an Extended Access List on a Cisco Router

2008-06-28T20:37:00.000+02:00

[howtonetwork.net] How to configure a Named Access List on a Cisco Router

2008-06-28T20:36:00.000+02:00

[sixnetcg.com] Cisco Lite Teaching: Access List (Part 3 of 3)

2008-06-28T19:56:00.000+02:00

[sixnetcg.com] Cisco Lite Teaching: Access List (Part 2 of 3)

2008-06-28T19:53:00.000+02:00

[sixnetcg.com] Cisco Lite Teaching: Access List (Part 1 of 3)

2008-06-28T19:51:00.000+02:00

[westgatenetworks.com] ACL Configuration on a Cisco Router

2008-06-28T19:39:00.000+02:00

[westgatenetworks.com] NAT Configuration on a Cisco Router

2008-06-28T19:35:00.000+02:00

[palaestratraining.com] Inter-VLAN Routing

2008-06-28T19:33:00.000+02:00

[palaestratraining.com] Getting to Know Frame Relay

2008-06-28T19:32:00.000+02:00

CCNA/CCNP 자료

2008-06-28T16:56:00.000+02:00

http://iorora.web-bi.net/tech/study/default.htm

Training(Cisco과정 정리)

EIGRP TIPS-I (Redistribution, Neighbor Discovery and Mintenance 등 - 박헌태)

EIGRP TIPS-II (Auto Summary 등 - 박헌태)

[cisco.com] Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router

2008-06-17T23:13:00.000+02:00

Modular Platform Supporting T1/E1 Speeds

View Interactive 3D Model

The Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router is part of the Cisco 1800 Integrated Services Router Series which complements the Integrated Services Router Portfolio.

The Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router provides the following support:

Wire-speed performance for concurrent services at T1/E1 WAN rates
Enhanced investment protection through increased performance and modularity
Enhanced investment protection through increased modularity
Increased density through High-Speed WAN Interface Card Slots (two)
Support for over 90 existing and new modules
Support for majority of existing WICs, VWICs, and VICs (data mode only)
Two Integrated 10/100 Fast Ethernet ports
Security
- On-board encryption
- Support of up to 800 VPN tunnels with the AIM Module
- Antivirus defense support through Network Admission Control (NAC)
- Intrusion Prevention as well as stateful Cisco IOS Firewall support and many more essential security features

Cisco 1800 Series Portfolio Multimedia Demo

Data Sheet - Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers: Cisco 1841 Router (Modular)

[cisco.com] Cisco 2811 Integrated Services Router

2008-06-17T22:51:00.000+02:00

Integrated Services for Small and Medium Business

View Interactive 3D Model

The Cisco 2811 Integrated Services Router is part of the Cisco 2800 Integrated Services Router Series which complements the Integrated Services Router Portfolio.

The Cisco 2811 Integrated Services Router provides the following support:

Wire-speed performance for concurrent services such as security and voice , and advanced services to multiple T1/E1/xDSL WAN rates
Enhanced investment protection through increased performance and modularity
Enhanced investment protection through increased modularity
Increased density through High-Speed WAN Interface Card Slots (four)
Enhanced Network Module Slot
Support for over 90 existing and new modules
Support for majority of existing AIMs, NMs, WICs, VWICs, and VICs
Two Integrated 10/100 Fast Ethernet ports
Optional Layer 2 switching support with Power over Ethernet (PoE) (as an option)
Security
- On-board encryption
- Support of up to 1500 VPN tunnels with the AIM-EPII-PLUS Module
- Antivirus defense support through Network Admission Control (NAC)
- Intrusion Prevention as well as stateful Cisco IOS Firewall support and many more essential security features
Voice
- Analog and digital voice call support
- Optional voice mail support
- Optional support for Cisco CallManager Express (Cisco CME) for local call processing in stand alone business for up to36 IP Phones
- Optional support for Survivable Remote Site Telephony support for local call processing in small enterprise branch offices for up to 36 IP phones

Cisco 2800 Series Portfolio Multimedia Demo

Data Sheet - Cisco 2800 Series Integrated Services Routers

[scrap] Exchange Server 2007

2008-06-14T22:46:00.000+02:00

[Source] Exchange Server 2007 Product Overview

Exchange Server 2007 Product Overview

Published: November 30, 2006

Introduction

For most businesses today, e-mail is the mission-critical communications tool that allows their people to produce the best results. This greater reliance on e-mail has increased the number of messages sent and received, the variety of work getting done, and even the speed of business itself. Amid this change, employee expectations have also evolved. Today, employees look for rich, efficient access—to e-mail, calendars, attachments, contacts, and more—no matter where they are or what type of device they are using.

For IT professionals, delivering a messaging system that addresses these needs must be balanced against other requirements such as security and cost. Enterprise security requirements have become more complex as the demand and use for e-mail has increased. Today, IT departments must contend with e-mail security threats that are wide ranging: continually evolving spam and viruses, noncompliance risks, the vulnerability of e-mail to interception and tampering, in addition to the potential harmful effects of natural and man-made disasters.

While security is clearly a priority, IT is ever cognizant of the need to manage cost. Time, money, and resource constraints are a fact of life as IT is made accountable to do more with less. As a result, IT professionals look for a messaging system that addresses both enterprise and employee needs while also being cost-effective to deploy and manage.

Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 has been designed specifically to meet these challenges and address the needs of the different groups who have a stake in the messaging system. The new capabilities of Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 deliver the advanced protection your company demands, the anywhere access your people want, and the operational efficiency you, in IT, need.

Built-in Protection

Exchange Server 2007 offers built-in protective technologies to keep your business moving, reduce spam and viruses, enable confidential communications, and help your company to be compliant.

Key Benefits:

•	Keeps communication alive and e-mail flowing with enterprise-class availability and reliability
•	Helps safeguard users and the organization’s valuable data from the harmful effects of spam and viruses
•	Provides trusted communications within the organization automatically and without added cost or complexity
•	Simplifies regulatory compliance in a way that supports the different needs of employees, compliance managers, and messaging administrators

Anywhere Access

With Exchange Server 2007, employees get anywhere access* to their e-mail, voice mail, calendars, and contacts from a variety of clients and devices.

Key Benefits:

•	Increases the productivity of today’s employees who require the ability to respond quickly at home, work, or on the go
•	Offers employees a single inbox to access all of their important communications—including voice mail, fax, and e-mail—while avoiding the cost and effort of maintaining separate systems
•	Delivers a fast, seamless, and familiar Microsoft Office Outlook experience across different devices and clients with no requirement for extra software or services outside of an Internet or basic phone connection
•	Improves collaboration and productivity by making it easier to find and share data, documents, and schedules from anywhere

^{*Anywhere access requires Internet connectivity. Outlook Voice Access requires phone connectivity.}

Operational Efficiency

Exchange Server 2007 enables new levels of operational efficiency through capabilities that optimize hardware and networking investments and features that help make administrators more productive.

Key Benefits:

•	Gets more from hardware, software, and network investments through the power of x64 computing and bandwidth-optimizing routing algorithms
•	Improves administrator productivity by making it easier to find and fix problems, and automate tasks more simply
•	Drives deployment efficiencies with automatic client connections, a new server roles-based architecture, and improved diagnostics and monitoring
•	Simplifies integrating Exchange Server data within line-of-business applications and third-party solutions through new Exchange Web Services

The Outlook Experience

In addition to benefits and capabilities described above, Exchange Server 2007 offers the best integration with the broadest range of clients. Exchange Server supports a complete Outlook experience, from Outlook on the desktop to Outlook Web Access, Outlook Mobile, and the new Outlook Voice Access, a feature of Exchange Unified Messaging. Exchange Server also integrates with Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services and other Office applications as well as third-party systems and devices.

Exchange Server 2007 Features at a Glance

Built-in Protection
Anti-spam and Antivirus	Built-in defenses against spam and phishing e-mail as well as additional integrated filtering and multi-engine scanning capabilities provide advanced protection.*
Compliance	Controls for messages in transport or requiring retention, and flexible journaling help meet organizational, legal and regulatory compliance requirements.
Business Continuity	New data replication capabilities (local and clustered) keep the system highly available while limiting the need and frequency for tape backup.
Confidential Messaging	New encryption features for both internal and Internet-based messages help protect the confidentiality of messages in transit.

^{*Exchange Hosted Filtering and Forefront Security for Exchange Server are both available with the Exchange Server 2007 Enterprise Client Access License.}

Anywhere Access
Unified Messaging	New Exchange Unified Messaging goes beyond e-mail to deliver more types of communications to the inbox, including faxes and voice mail, as well as offering new capabilities such as voice access from any standard phone.
Web-Based Messaging	A rich Outlook-like experience from any Internet connected computer with a supported browser provides encrypted access to the inbox, powerful search, and the ability to view different types of attachments.
Mobile Messaging	Exchange ActiveSync technology delivers an improved e-mail and calendaring experience on mobile devices, while offering enhanced device and security policy control.
Collaboration and Productivity	Enhanced calendaring, out-of-office, resource booking, and meeting scheduling capabilities simplify collaboration and increase productivity.

Operational Efficiency
Performance and Scalability	Improved storage efficiency can be achieved through the extended memory and larger cache of x64-based architecture even as mailbox sizes increase; more efficient routing ensures the best use of bandwidth.
Administration	New graphical and command-line interfaces offer improved manageability and increased automation while integrated tools simplify maintenance.
Deployment	Modular setup and server provisioning based on server roles, as well as capabilities to automatically discover Outlook and mobile clients simplify deployment.
Extensibility	New Web services-based application programming interface (API) and .NET integration via Exchange Management Shell tasks enable rapid development for custom and third-party applications.

Informationen über den Informatiker

2008-06-01T13:09:00.000+02:00

[Quelle] Arbeitsmarkt und Jobchancen bei It-Jobs Stepstone.de

Informatiker sind aus der computerbasierten Wirtschaft von heute nicht mehr wegzudenken.
Sie pflegen Datenbanken, konzipieren Soft- und Hardware, warten und organisieren Systeme.
Die Breite der möglichen Tätigkeiten ist immens, viele Informatiker spezialisieren sich auf eines der vielen Arbeitsgebiete. Das wichtigste Feld ist die Wartung und Betreuung großer Systeme zur Datenverarbeitung, die Pflege von Servern sowie die Entwicklung und Programmierung von Soft- und Hardware. Weil Computer- und Netzwerksysteme immer komplexer werden, steigt auch der Beratungsbedarf bei Anwendern.
Jobs für Informatiker gibt es in nahezu jedem Bereich. Industrie, Dienstleister, Verwaltung und Organisationen – sie alle sind immer komplexer organisiert und brauchen Hilfe bei der Optimierung ihrer Ressourcen. Mittelständische Unternehmen können heute oft nicht mehr ohne Computer-Infrastruktur arbeiten. Auch eine Karriere als Forscher an Universitäten kommt in Frage. In Stellenanzeigen wird meist ein Studienabschluss als Informatiker oder ähnliches erwartet. Eine Ausbildung als Fachinformatiker kann ein Einstieg in den Beruf sein.

Softwareentwickler und Informatiker
- gefragt wie nie

Der Mangel an Informatikern und Ingenieuren hat noch einmal zugenommen. Die große Nachfrage hält seit vier Jahren an. In absoluten Zahlen bedeutet das: Im Jahr 2004 waren 16.673 IT-Arbeitsplätze ausgeschrieben, im Jahr darauf 20.961, 2006 dann 25.412 und im vergangenen Jahr 29.344.

Die meisten IT-Experten suchten 2007 mit 7473 freien Stellen nach wie vor die Beratungs- und Softwarehäuser. Der Zuwachs beträgt allerdings - wie im Vorjahr auch - nur zehn Prozent, nachdem er 2005 noch 50 Prozent gegenüber 2004 ausgemacht hatte. Am stärksten gestiegen ist der Bedarf im Maschinen- und Fahrzeugbau. Dort wuchs die Zahl der Jobangebote von 3271 auf 4538. Mehr Positionen wurden außerdem im öffentlichen Dienst (2830, Vorjahr 2423), in Konstruktionsbüros (2693, Vorjahr 1910) und der Elektrotechnik ausgeschrieben. Wenig Bewegung ist dagegen bei den Finanzdienstleistern zu beobachten, obwohl Arbeitsmarktexperten der Meinung sind, dass vor allem die Banken ihre Umstrukturierungen und Reorganisationen hinter sich haben und wieder zunehmend Interesse an IT-Fachleuten bekunden. Nur wenige neue IT-Experten haben auch die Chemie- und Konsumgüter- sowie die Telekommunikationsindustrie eingestellt.

Der Sieger von 2006 - die Zeitarbeitsfirmen - legen, was die Vermittlung von IT-Profis angeht eine kleine Verschnaufpause ein: Die Offerten gingen von 1325 auf 1186 zurück. Über alle Berufe hinweg haben laut Adecco die Offerten der Zeitarbeitsfirmen in einem Vier-Jahres-Vergleich um 180 Prozent zugelegt vor dem Maschinenbau mit 140 Prozent und der Bauindustrie (100 Prozent).

Wen sich Arbeitgeber wünschen
Recht eindeutig beantworten lässt sich die Frage nach dem verlangten Ausbildungsprofil: Arbeitgeber wünschen sich für IT-Jobs in erster Linie Ingenieure und Informatiker. In über der Hälfte der Anzeigen wurde ein solcher Abschluss erwartet. Überraschend wenig Interesse gibt es an Wirtschaftsinformatikern. Ihnen gelten lediglich drei Prozent der Offerten, in zwei Prozent der Fälle sollten es Betriebswirte sein, und erst dann folgen Mathematiker und Physiker. Ob die Unternehmen die gewünschten Kandidaten auch tatsächlich bekommen, steht auf einem anderen Blatt. Trainee- und Einarbeitungsprogramme nehmen jedenfalls zu, und die Industrie gibt auch Nichtinformatikern wieder eine Chance, vorausgesetzt, sie können ihre IT-Affinität anhand praktischer Erfahrungen nachweisen.

Von den Berufen steht der Anwendungsentwickler ganz oben auf der Wunschliste der Arbeitgeber. Allein 6534 Offerten erschienen für Programmierer, über 20 Prozent mehr als im Vorjahr. Noch stärker stieg das Interesse an Internet-Spezialisten, wenn auch auf geringerer Basis. Nach 662 Stellen im Jahr 2005 und 893 ein Jahr darauf wurden 2007 in diesem Bereich 1265 freie Positionen ausgeschrieben. Größer als 2006 war auch das Interesse an Netz-, Datenbank- sowie Systemspezialisten. Leicht zurückgegangen ist dagegen das Angebot für Verkäufer und Organisatoren.

Teilzeitstellen gibt es kaum
Im Widerspruch zu den Verlautbarungen der Arbeitgeberverbände steht eine andere Zahl. Nicht einmal ein Prozent der Stellen wird in Teilzeit angeboten. Der Traum von der Work-Life-Balance oder der Chance, sich verstärkt um den Nachwuchs oder auch um Hobbies zu kümmern, lässt sich kaum in dieser Branche umsetzen.
Die meisten IT-Stellen wurden 2007 erneut in Bayern angeboten. Der Freistaat hat seine Position als attraktivste Region in den vergangenen Monaten sogar ausgebaut. Mittlerweile entfallen ein Fünftel der Angebote (5645 Offerten) auf das südlichste Bundesland. Es folgen Baden-Württemberg mit 15 Prozent und Nordrhein-Westfalen mit zwölf Prozent. (hk)

[Tip] CD1장짜리 통으로 된 Monkey's Audio APE를 각 track별로 나누기

2008-05-30T21:56:00.000+02:00

Monkey's Audio는 FLAC와 함께 대표적인 무손실 오디오 압축 코덱(lossless compression)이다.
MP3, OGG와 같은 손실 압축 코덱(lossy compression)과는 달리, 원본 웨이브폼과 똑같은 웨이브폼을 재현한다. 그러므로 Data 크기는 줄어들지만 음질저하가 일어나지 않는다.
Monkey's Audio의 파일들은 확장자 .ape를 쓴다.(ape는 원숭이, 유인원)

WinAmp나 Nero Burning Rom 등의 프로그램들이 Plug-in을 통해 Monkey's Audio를 지원하기는 하지만 아무래도 각 track별 mp3-format으로 있는 편이 사용하는데 훨씬 편리한 것이 사실이므로 무료로 구할 수 있는 Utility EAC를 활용하여 변환 해보기로 한다.

아래의 작업을 위해서는 우선 작업하는 Computer에 Monkey's Audio가 설치되어 있어야 한다.
Monkey's Audio-format으로 압축되어 배포되는 음반은 "filename.ape","filename.cue"와 같이 ape와 cue 두 개의 file로 구성되어 있다. 통째로 변환만 한다면 cue file은 없어도 상관없으나 track별로 나누기 위해서 필요하다.

예로 보이기 위해 사용될 음반은 다음과 같다.

원래 2 Disk Release이지만 그 중 CD1만 사용하기로 한다.
cdimage.ape + cdimage.cue 이 두개의 file이 준비되어있다.

1. 제일 먼저 Exact Audio Copy(EAC)를 이용, cdimage.ape의 압축을 해제하여 wav-format으로 만든다.

EAC를 실행, Tools - Decompress를 선택하면
ape file을 선택할 수 있는 창이 나온다. cdimage.ape를 선택해주면 된다.
output filename은 자동으로 cdimage.wav가 되므로 따로 입력할 필요는 없다.

2. 다음으로 해야할 일은 cue file을 Editor로 수정하는 것이다.

기존의 cue file은 cdimage.ape가 Source로 지정되어 있으니 이것을 앞의 과정에서 얻은 cdimage.wav로 수정해 준다.
PERFORMER "Johann Sebastian Bach"
TITLE "The Cello Suites - Inspired by Bach - Yo Yo Ma - Disk 1"
FILE "cdimage.wav" WAVE // <==== Edit this line!!
TRACK 01 AUDIO
..........

3. 이제 다시 EAC를 이용하여 위에서 얻은 wave file을 track별로 분할한다.

EAC를 실행, Tools - Split WAV by CUE sheet - With Gaps를 선택하면
wav file을 선택할 수 있는 창이 나온다. cdimage.wav를 선택해 준다.
다음으론 cue file을 선택할 수 있는 창이 나온다. cdimage.cue를 선택해 준다.

4. 위의 과정을 통해 track별로 분할된 wav file들이 얻어졌다.
다시 EAC를 이용하여 이것들을 mp3-format으로 압축할 수 있다.
물론 사전에 EAC의 Compression 설정을 해두어야 한다.

EAC를 실행, Tools - Compress

Monkey's Audio FAQ

Q: How to convert between APE and WAV ?
A: Get install package at Monkey's Audio download page.

Q: Where to get Winamp plug-in to play APE?
A: Winamp 5 plug-in comes with main download.

Q: I have a large APE file and CUE sheet - how do I split into separate tracks?
A: Decompress APE to WAV; use EAC and go to menu item "Tools" > "Split WAV by CUE sheet"

Q: Big APE and CUE sheet - how to burn to audio CD?.
A: Using EAC click the large "WRI" button to get the CD Layout Editor;
then select "File" > "Open CUE sheet or Layout" and
   select the CUE sheet; finally select "CD-R" > "Write CD".

Q: Big APE and CUE sheet - burning with EAC fails with an error?
Q: Big APE and CUE sheet - MakeAPL fails to process?
A: Open the CUE sheet using Notepad and check the line that appears something like:
FILE "Artist Name - Album Name.wav" WAVE
Edit the 3 letters from "wav" to "ape" and save the CUE sheet.

Q: When attempting to re-encode APE files (to newer version or higher compression) Monkey's Audio returns an error?
A: To re-encode APE files select "Convert" mode.

Q: I selected Convert but it skips all the files!
A: Go to "Options" > "Output" and choose one of the following methods:
   1: "If Output File Exists" select either "Rename" or "Overwrite"
   2: Set "Output Location" to "Output to a specific directory"

Q: APE file stops playing/decompressing on error - now what?
A: To play in WinAmp" configure the Monkey's Audio plug-in to "Ignore bitstream errors" to play.
A: To decompress do the above, set "Output" to "Nullsoft Disk Writer" and
   configure the desired output directory files.
   (NOTE: Remember to change the Output plug-in back to WaveOut or DirectSound afterwards.)

Q: How to configure EAC to rip using Monkey's Audio?
A: In EAC go to menu: EAC > Compression Options. Choose one method:
   1: Under "Waveform" change the "Wave format" drop-down to "Monkey's Audio Lossless Encoder" and choose compression method.
   2: Under "External Compression" check the box "Use external program for compression", set "Parameter passing scheme"
to "Monkey's Audio Lossless Encoder".
Browse button for the file MAC.EXE (found in the Monkey's Audio installation directory), and set your compression level.

Q: How to use the external compressors?
A: First, select "Compress" if source files are WAV, or "Convert" if source files are APE, WV, SHN, RKA or MP3.
Then select/configure the chosen external compressor. Examples:
- LAME: Recommended LAME 3.90.3 arguments "--alt-preset standard" (entered without quote marks)
- OGG: Configure using quality switch "-q 5" (entered without quote marks)
Note on MPEGPlus: current versions may not fully supported in Monkey's Audio.
However, you can get the default --standard profile if no arguments are given.

Private Network(Virtual IP)

2008-05-30T00:32:00.000+02:00

2007/08/01 - [Network] - IP Sub-Networking Mini-Howto v.1.1 (english)
2007/08/01 - [Network] - IP Sub-Networking Mini-Howto v.1.0 (translated into korean)

위의 문서들에 보면 Special Addresses(reserved for 'unconnected' Networks
- Networks that use IP but are not connected to the Internet)에 관한 언급이 있다.
이러한 Address들을 우리는 Private IP Address(사설 IP 주소)라 부르고,
흔히 Virtual IP Address(가상 IP 주소)라 부르기도 한다.

Private Network(사설 네트워크)는
이러한 Private IP Address Space를 사용하는 Network을 가리키는 말이다.
IP Address와 Top-level Domain을 관리하는 IANA가 지정한
Current IANA Private Internet Addresses는 다음과 같다.

   1 A Class Network : 10.0.0.0
   (10.0.0.1 ~ 10.255.255.254)

   16 B Class Networks : 172.16.0.0 ~ 172.31.0.0
(172.16.0.1 ~ 172.31.255.254)

256 C Class Networks : 192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.0
(192.168.0.1 ~ 192.168.255.254)

우리가 Home Network를 구성할 때 주로 이 256개의 C Class Network 중 하나를 사용하게 된다.

[wikipedia] Private network
[wikipedia] NAT(Network Address Translation)

Tipps: Höheres Tempo auch ohne n-Draft

2008-05-22T00:02:00.000+02:00

[Quelle] CHIP GO DIGITAL Ausgabe 01/2007

Es muss nicht gleich ein neues n-Draft-Gerät her - so machen Sie such Ihnen vorhandenen Router deutlich schneller.

Tuning-Firmware aufspielen: Wer versteckte Leistungsreserven seines Routers abrufen will, muss eine neue, meist herstellerfremde Firmware aufspielen. Der aufgepeppte Router bietet dann mehr Reichweite, Tempo und Sicherheit. Über 20 aktuelle 802.11g-Router lassen sich tunen; eine Liste kompatibler Router und Firmware finden Sie auf www.dd-wrt.com oder www.openwrt.org . Die alternative Firmware wird wie ein reguläres Firmware-Update installiert.
Achtung: Installieren Sie das Upgrade nur, wenn Sie sich mit Routern auskennen. Sollte es schief gehen, müssen Sie das Gerät in der Regel zum Hersteller einschicken.

W-LAN-Reichweite ausbauen: Die Sendeleistung ist ab Werk oft zu gering, obwohl die Router mehr können. Linksys etwa beschränkt die Leistung auf 28 mW, obwohl in Deutschland 100 mW zugelassen sind. Die neue Firmware entfesselt den Router. Sie können seine Leistung nun von 0 bis 251 mW regeln.
Achtung: Auch wenn es möglich ist - die gesetzliche Obergrenze von 100 mW dürfen Sie nicht überschreiten.

W-LAN-Performance erhöhen: Wollen Sie nur ein bis drei Clients im W-LAN-Netz verbinden, können Sie die Leistung mit "Frameburst" erhöhen. Dann passen mehr Daten durch die "Funkleitung".
Hintergrund: Nach jedem Datenpaket sprechen sich die Sender ab, wer als Nächstes Daten übertragen darf. Im Frameburst-Modus wartet der Sender nicht, sondern schickt die Daten ohne zu fragen.

Anschreiben bei Bewerbung

2008-05-22T00:01:00.000+02:00

Einige Worte zum Thema 'Anschreiben' bei Bewerbung

Eine vollständige Bewerbung besteht in der Regel aus drei Teilen, nämlich 'Anschreiben', Lebenslauf und Anhang.

Das 'Anschreiben' ist meist kurz und bündig gehalten; bei klassischen Bewerbungen gilt, dass das 'Anschreiben' nicht länger als eine Seite (DIN A4) sein sollte.
Es beschreibt die Qualifikation und Motivation des Bewerbers im Hinblick auf die beworbene Stelle und soll dabei einen ersten Eindruck vom Bewerber vermitteln.

Es gibt zahlreiche Webseiten im Netz, die mehr zu diesem Thema zu bieten haben, z. B.:
http://www.bewerben.de/informationen/anschreiben.htm
http://www.applion.de/info/bewerbung/anschreiben/

Kubuntu 8.04 (KDE 4 Remix)를 Laptop에 설치

2008-05-18T00:58:00.000+02:00

이미 Ubuntu의 새버전이 나온 소식은 알고 있었지만 시간적으로나 공간적으로나 여유가 없었다.
그렇지만 마침 하드디스크 공간부족 문제가 좀 나아졌고,
역시나 Desktop이나 Laptop 중 하나에 Linux가 필요해서 내친 김에
Kubuntu KDE 4 Remix 버전을 다운 받아 Laptop에 설치했다.
설치에 있어서 특별히 인상적인 변화는 [Install inside Windows]옵션이다.
Linux설치를 위한 Partition 조절 등의 사전작업이 필요가 없어졌다.
물론 이 옵션을 통해 설치된 Linux System이 boot된 Windows 안에서 돌아가게 되는 것은 아니다.
Windows File System 안에 설치되기는 하지만 Multibooting하도록 구성된다.
Windows 상에서 설치 이미지를 만들어주고 재시작하여 Kubuntu를 선택하면 설치를 진행하여 완료하게 된다.
역시나 (K)ubuntu, 그다지 물어보는 것이 없다. 지정할 것도 별로 없다.
그냥 알아서 설치 끝이다.
상당히 많은 사람들이 이러한 (K)ubuntu의 특징이랄까, 정책이랄까 하는 점을 좋아하는 것같은데
사실 나로서는 (K)ubuntu 배포판에서 가장 마음에 들지 않는 점이다.
일단 거의 지맘대로 설치되고 나서야 내 입맛에 맞게 바꿀 수 있다는 것이 상당히 마음에 안든다.
아마 Linux를 처음 설치해볼 무렵부터 설치과정 중에 불필요한 것들은 최대한 제거하는 점에 많은 노력을 기울여 왔었기 때문일 것이다.(설치할 Package 선별하는 데에만 가볍게 한 두 시간을 넘겼던 적도 있다. 말이 선별이지 1000개가 훨씬 넘는 Package들의 이름만 한 번씩 읽어보는 것도 간단한 일은 아니다.)

하여간에 별다른 문제 없이 설치를 마치고 한층 예뻐진 KDE4의 로그인 화면을 보니 기분이 나아졌다.
그런데 로그인 후 거의 방황을 하게된다. 원하는 설정을 어떻게 해야할 지 떠오르지 않는다.
뭐가 설치되었는 지 아직 정확히 알 수가 없으니 어떠한 설정도구를 사용해야 할 지 알 수가 없다.
또한 여기에서 느낄 수 있는 것은 SuSE Linux의 그림자라고 할 수 있는 것이었다.
아는 사람은 공감하겠지만 SuSE에는 YAST라는 통합설정도구가 있어서 이 안에서 모든 시스템 설정이 가능하다. 여기에 익숙해진 사람은 YAST가 없는 System에 가면 한 동안 길잃은 미아가 될 수밖에 없다.
Adept Package Manager를 이용해 몇가지 필요한 것들을 추가하고 나니 조금은 미로에서 벗어날 수 있었다.
그렇지만 의도대로 설정되지 않는 것이 아직 너무 많다.
그리고 아직 KDE4 Remix버젼은 완전하지 못한 것인지 Tray에 뜨는 Applet들에 문제가 좀 있다.
지금 팔걷어 부치고 삽질할 형편은 아니니 천천히 손을 봐줘야 하겠다.

Mr. Dust님의 Blog Posting "우분투 한국 커뮤니티의 변화"에 보면 이렇게 쓰신 부분이 있다
[... "리눅스를 사용하기 위해서는 무언가를 배워야한다." 라는 개념을 버리고, "단지 사용하는데에만, 얼마나 편하게 사용하느냐에 집중한다." 라는 것이다. ...]
사실 이 의견은 일리가 있기는 하지만 개인적으로 어느 정도는 괘변적으로 들린다.
아마도 Dust님과 나의 발상의 차이에서 오는 것일테지만 (K)ubuntu는 그다지 특이하게 사용하기 편리해서 좋은 배포본은 아니라고 생각한다. 주어지는 대로 쓰기로 하면 Gentoo 같은 배포본만 아니라면 사용의 편의성은 큰 차이가 없다. 사실 나로서는 (K)ubuntu는 상당부분 불편하기 짝이 없다고까지 느낀다.
내가 경험한 (K)ubuntu 배포본의 장점은 그 속도에 있다고 본다.
확실히 (K)ubuntu는 빠르다. 이 점때문에 많은 개발자들이 Ubuntu에 열광하지 않았을까 생각한다.

[Tip] Using Google for searching ebooks

2008-03-22T21:38:00.000+01:00

Go to Google's search page and use the following criteria in the search dialog

intitle:index.of? [file extension] [Name of item]

e.g.

intitle:index.of? chm syngress

This will hopefully give you a listing of all websites that google has cached that contain references to files in CHM format that are published by SYNGRESS.

---------------
for searching ebooks

+("index of") +("/ebooks"|"/book") +(chm|pdf|zip|rar) +syngress

allinurl: +(rar|chm|zip|pdf|tgz) Syngress

Dynamips / Dynagen Tutorial 번역/요약

2008-03-22T11:39:00.000+01:00

비공개 상태에서 번역을 하다가 완성본 상태로 공개를 하려했었는데
중간에 한국에 다녀오느라 공백이 있다보니 내용에 대한 감각도 떨어지고,
막상 번역을 하려니 적당한 단어를 찾는 데 소요되는 시간이 많아지는 것같아
일단 작업을 중단하고 공개로 전환한다. 물론 여전히 조금씩은 update하고 있는 중이다.

Tutorial Summary

Introduction

Dynamips는 Cisco 1700, 2600, 3600, 3700, 7200 Series Router Hardware Platform을 emulate하고, Standard IOS image들을 구동시킨다.
Dynamips는 Simple Virtual Switch를 제공하긴 하지만, Catalyst Switch들을 emulate하지는 않는다. (NM-16ESW[16-port 10/100 EtherSwitch Network Module]을 emulate해준다.)
Dynagen은 Dynamips와의 Communication을 위해 "Hypervisor" Mode를 사용하는 Frontend for Dynamips이다.
Workstation에서 구동되고 있는 Dynagen을 가지고 Back-End Server에서 구동되고 있는 Dynamips와 Communication하며 Client/Server Mode로 작동시킬 수 있다.
Dynagen은 또한 여러 대의 Computer들을 가로지르는 커다란 Virtual Network들을 분산시키기 위한 다수의 Dynamips Server들을 동시에 control할 수 있다.
물론 Dynamips와 Dynagen을 동일한 System에서 구동시키는 것도 가능하다.

Installing

Python으로 작성된 Dynagen은 Python을 지원하는 어떠한 Platform에서도 구동된다. 즉, 거의 모든 Platform에서 사용가능하다.
Dynagen의 Windows Installer Package에는 Dynamips와 (Python을 별도로 설치할 필요가 없도록 미리) compile된 Dynagen이 포함되어 있다.
우선 Dynamips를 구동시키고자 하는 System에는 libpcap(Linux)이나 winpcap 4.0이상(Windows)이 설치되어 있어야한다. 이것들은 Bridging Router Interfaces를 Physical Network Cards에 제공하는 데 사용된다.
Windows 사용자는 Dynamips/Dynagen을 구동시키기 위해 필요한 모든 것을 제공하는 Windows Installer Package(Dynagen Homepage에서 Download)를 설치하면 된다.
Linux 사용자는 Dynamips Binary와 Dynagen Tarball을 Download하여 압축을 해제하고 적절한 곳에 위치시킨 후, PATH가 설정된 곳(Ex. /usr/local/bin)에 Dynamips와 Dynagen의 실행파일의 Symbolic Link를 만들어 준다.
최신 Build의 Dynamips는 Blog에서, Dynagen은 Homepage의 Interim Build Section에서 찾을 수 있다.

IOS Image

Dynamips는 real Cisco IOS images를 구동시킨다.
Windows에서는 C:\Program Files\Dynamips\images가 default로 정해져 있는 image 위치이다. 여기에 있지 않다고 사용할 수 없는 것은 아니지만, Sample Lab들은 이곳을 참조하도록 구성되어있다.
Linux/Unix System에서는 image를 저장할 위치(Ex. /opt/images)를 지정하고 그곳에 image를 위치시키면 된다.
Cisco IOS image는 압축되어있다. 이 압축된 image들은 그 자체로써도 Dynamips와 잘 동작한다.
(예외: Cisco 2600 Series Router들의 image는 Dynamips와 동작하기 위해 반드시 압축을 해제해야만한다.)
그렇지만 실제 Router에서와 마찬가지로 압축해제 과정으로 인해 Boot Process는 상당히 지연된다.
그러므로 사전에 image의 압축을 해제하는 것이 좋다.
Linux/Unix/Cygwin에서는 unzip을 이용하여 다음과 같이 압축을 해제할 수 있다:
Ex.) unzip -p c7200-g6ik8-mz.124-2.T1.bin > c7200-g6ik8-mz.124-2.T1.image
원래 압축되기 전의 원본이름은 더 간단하게 되어 있지만 그대로 사용하면 image들을 구분하기에 충분하지 못하므로 위와같이 압축된 Binary에서 사용한 이름에 Extension만 image로 바꿔주는 것이 좋다.
이렇게 명령을 주면 unzip으로부터 경고메시지를 받게 되지만, 무시해도 된다.
Windows에서는 WinRar를 이용하여 간단하게 압축을 해제할 수 있다.

Resource Utilization

Dynamips는 Emulation작업을 수행하기 위해 상당량의 RAM과 CPU를 사용한다.
만약 실제 Cisco 7200 Router 상에서 256MB RAM을 요구하는 IOS image를 사용하고자 한다면 이 image를 사용하는 Virtual Router Instance는 256MB RAM을 차지하게 된다.
Dynamips는 또한 JIT Translations Cache를 위해 Default로 64MB RAM(Unix) / 16MB RAM(Windows)을 할당한다.
Default로서 Dynamips는 Router의 Virtual Memory를 위해 Memory Mapped Files를 사용하기 때문에 보통 실제 System에서 사용되는 RAM의 양은 현저하게 적을 것이다. 작업 Directory 안에서 Virtual Router의 RAM size와 동일한 크기의 임시 "ram" Files를 볼 수 있을 것이다.
만약 System에 충분한 양의 RAM을 갖고 있다면, 그리고 자신이 무엇을 하는지를 알고 있다면, 자신의 labs의 Instance들을 위한 mmap을 disable시키기 위해 device default 또는 router Section에서 "mmap=false"로 설정하라.
Dynamips는 또한, Router CPU를 instructin-by-instruction으로 emulating하고 있기 때문에, 다량의 CPU 자원을 사용한다. 당초에 Dynamips로서는 언제 Virtual Router의 CPU가 idle 상태가 되는 지 알 방법을 갖고 있지 않으므로 실제 작업을 수행하는 instructions를 실행하듯이 IOS의 idle routines를 구성하는 모든 instructions를 충실하게 실행하게된다. 그렇지만 주어진 IOS image를 위한 "Idle-PC" process를 통해 CPU 사용은 극적으로 줄어들게 될 것이다.

Configuring your Telnet Client

Dynagen은 CLI로부터 직접 Virtual Router Console에 접속할 수 있도록 해주는 Console command를 포함하고 있다. 그렇지만 우선 어떤 Telnet client를 사용할 것인지를 dynagen.ini(Windows System의 경우 C:\Program Files\Dynagen에, Unix System의 경우 Dynagen의 Tarball을 풀어 놓은 곳에 위치)에 설정해줘야만 한다. 여기에서 적절한 Line을 uncomment시키거나 원하는 Telnet client를 사용하기 위한 내용을 추가시켜준다.

Network Files

Dynagen은 모든 Router, Switch 그리고 Virtual lab을 구성하는 Interconnections의 설정을 저장하기 위해 하나의 단일 "network file"을 사용한다. "Dynagen Sample Labs"에서 몇몇 sample network file들을 찾아볼 수 있다.

Runnig Simple Lab #1

Virtual lab을 실행시키기 위해, 먼저 local machine에 Dynamips Server를 구동시킨다.('listening on port 7200'로 구동되는 것이 Default)
이렇게 Dynamips Server가 구동된 상태에서 Dynagen이 simple1.net file을 읽어들이면 이 가상의 Network가 시작된다.
Dynamips Server를 구동시키고 Dynagen이 network file을 읽어들이도록 하는 구체적인 방법은 운영체제에 따라 달라진다. 자세한 내용은 영문 Tutorial을 참조.
이 상태에서 Dynagen이 simple1.net을 다 읽어들이고 나면 "Warning: Starting [Routers] with no idle-pc value"와 같은 경고 메시지가 출력되면서 Virtual lab이 시작되고 Dynagen management console이 열린다.(Prompt는 =>)

[scrap] 네트워크 구성사례

2008-03-11T15:47:00.000+01:00

출처: Maverick Systems ( 홈 > 솔루션 > NI솔루션 > 네트워크 구성사례)

[scrap] L4 Switch 개념과 구성방안

2008-03-11T15:33:00.000+01:00

가. 개념

L4 스위치는 OSI 4 계층의 패킷을 분류하고 경로를 제어하는 것에서는 L2 및 L3 스위치와 동일하지만, L4 스위치의 독특한 기능은 Layer 4 계층에서 발생하는 세션을 관리하고, 세션관리를 위한 패킷도 조작한다.

서버 로드 밸런싱
여러 대의 서버를 마치 하나의 서버처럼 동작시킴으로써 성능을 쉽게 확장하게 하고, 서버의 장애 발생 시에도 타 서버로 운영이 가능하게 함으로써 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위한 방법이다.

- Client가 웹브라우저 상에서 URL을 입력하여 DNS로 하여금 얻어지는 Ip address(Virtual IP : VIP)를 통하여 L4의 Virtual Server로 접속하게 된다.

- Virtual Server로 접속하게 된 http request는 VIP로 mapping되어있는 실제 서버들(real server)의 Group으로 matching시켜주게 된다.

- Server group으로 Matching 시키는 기법은 L4가 가지고 있는 여러 가지 분산 알고리즘에 의해 작동하게 되는데 사이트의 성격에 따라 알맞게 선택하여 주면 된다.

방화벽로드밸런싱
방화벽 한 대로 서비스를 제공할 경우, single point of failure가 발생할 수 있고, 애플리케이션 수준의 프록시를 이용하여 높은 보안 수준을 제공하기 위해 많은 부하가 방화벽에 걸리게 되어 응답시간의 지연을 초래한다.

이러한 문제점들은 최근의 전자상거래 환경에서는 사업을 수행하는데 치명적인 걸림돌이 될 수 있다.
따라서 방화벽 로드 밸런싱의 목적은 다음과 같다.

- 하나 이상의 방화벽을 추가하여 가용성 및 성능 향상
- 동적인 로드 분산을 통해 응답속도 향상
- 시스템 변경 없이 방화벽 확장 및 관리

나. 구성방안

DMZ
서버들의 안정성 및 중단없는 서비스 그리고 고성능 서버의 자원을 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여 L4스위치로 구성한다.
- 각각의 서버 팜들은 로드 밸런싱을 통하여 각각의 서버의 부하를 줄인다.
- 서버팜 안에서 한 대의 서버가 장애가 발생하여도 나머지 서버로 무중단 서비스를 제공한다.

이중화
L4 스위치의 장애를 대비하여 장비 및 링크 이중화를 구성한다. 장비 이중화는 상황에 따라 2가지 방법이 있다.
- box-to-box : Master 장비는 서비스를 하고 Backup 장비는 마치 전원이 다운되어 있는 것처럼 논리적으로
모든 통신을 차단한다. 다만 L4 스위치끼리의 모니터링하여 Master 장비가 장애가 발생할 경우 Backup
장비가 Master가 된다.
- redundant : 스위치의 HSRP와 비슷하게 동작한다. 서로 세션을 공유하며 모니터링하다가 Master가 장애가
발생하면 Backup 장비가 Master가 된다.
- CSM은 6500시리즈 스위치에 서비스 모듈이므로 별도의 vlan을 만들어 별도의 명령어로 구성한다.

구성

- 브리지 모드 : L4 스위치를 기준으로 서버_side와 클라이언트_side가 같은 네트워크인 경우이다.
이때 서버의 게이트웨이는 L4 스위치와 같은 게이트웨이로 설정한다.

- 라우터 모드 : L4 스위치를 기준으로 서버_side와 클라이언트_side가 다른 네트워크인 경우이다.
이때 서버의 게이트웨이는 L4 스위치로 설정한다.

출처: Maverick Systems ( 홈 > 솔루션 > NI솔루션 > L4 스위치)

[scrap] Switch 개념과 구성방안

2008-03-11T15:17:00.000+01:00

백본스위치
백본이란 WAN으로 연결되기 위한 하나의 노드 또는 여러 노드들의 중심이다. 한 네트워크에서 중심에 위치하며 모든 패킷이 지나간다. 이와 같은 역할을 하는 장비를 백본스위치라 한다.
백본스위치는 많은 트래픽을 처리해야 하므로 기가급 장비를 많이 사용한다.

이중화
백본 스위치는 방화벽, 웍그룹 스위치 및 각종 서버가 접속되는 핵심 영역이므로 고가용, 고성능, 고확장성이 확보되는 기가급 백본 스위치를 도입하여 병목 구간의 대규모 트래픽을 처리할 수 있도록 구성한다. 또한 백본 스위치 이중화하여 안정성을 확보하여 무 중단 시스템 구축한다.
- HSRP 프로토콜을 사용하여 장비 이중화 구성을 한다.
- HSRP란 Active 기가비트 백본스위치의 장애시 Standby 기가비트 백본 스위치가 LAN상의 서비스 중단 없이
해당 라우팅을 자동 인계하는 라우팅 프로토콜이다.
- HSRP는 하나의 백본스위치에서 다른 하나의 백본스위치를 모니터링하여 장비의 장애시 동일한 기능을 백업
받아 동작한다.
- Hot Swap 기능에 의하여 On-Line상에서 모듈의 추가 및 교체가 가능하다.
- 장비의 주요부분 이중화로 운영 중 단일 장비의 교체 작업이나 장애로 인하여 전체 시스템의 가동이 중지되지 않는다.

VLAN
백본 스위치를 통해 구성된 각 층별 또는 건물별 등 LAN 노드간 논리적 세그먼트를 그룹화하여 주요 서버의 데이터 처리 요구량에 따라 논리적 W/G를 형성하도록 하고, 네트워크 트래픽 관리 및 튜닝을 통해 전체 네트워크의 성능을 향상시키도록 구성한다.

- VLAN이란 현재의 네트워크 자원을 그대로 유지한 상태에서 물리적인 구성이 아닌 논리적 구성을 통하여 시스템
성능을 향상시키기 위한 개념이다.
- 이는 사용자별 또는 서버 성능별 그룹화를 하여 한 그룹에서 발생되는 트래픽은 타 그룹에 영향을 끼치지 않는
구조로 구현하여 불필요한 트래픽을 해소시킨다.
- 각 VLAN은 백본 스위치와 이중화 구성을 하여 한 장비의 장애시에도 원활한 통신이 되도록 설계한다.
- 건물별, 층별로 VLAN을 설정하여 네트워크 장애를 최소화한다.

장비선택
- 대용량 데이터의 증가에 따른 병목 구간 트래픽을 처리할 수 있도록 충분한 성능을 확보한 장비를 적절히 선택한다.

워크그룹 스위치
웍그룹은 소규모 작업그룹을 의미한다. 다시 말해 작은 회사 또는 한 학급 정도의 규모가 작고 허브나 스위치만으로도 통신이 가능한 그룹의 노드를 모아 놓은 장비가 웍그룹 스위치이고 다수의 웍그룹 스위치 노드가 모이는 곳이 백본 스위치이다.

과다한 트래픽 및 네트워크 침해로 인해 네트워크 장애 빈도가 점점 더 높아질 것에 대비하여 이에 대한 감지와 즉각적인 조치 기능과 같은 보안 아키텍처가 포함된 W/G 스위치를 통해 앞으로의 보안 위협에 효과적으로 대처할 수 있도록 구성한다.

스패닝 트리 프로토콜(STP)
- 3대 이상의 스위치 사이에서 트래픽이 루핑이 도는 것을 막는 프로토콜이다.
- STP가 활성화 되면 하나의 포트가 논리적으로 블로킹 되어 루핑이 방지된다.
- Active 노드가 장애가 발생하면 블로킹 되어 있던 포트가 풀리면서 Active가 된다.
- 백본스위치와 웍그룹 스위치 사이에 이중화 구성을 구축한다.

출처: Maverick Systems ( 홈 > 솔루션 > NI솔루션 > 스위치)

[scrap] Router 개념과 구성방안

2008-03-11T15:07:00.000+01:00

가. 개념

LAN을 연결하여 정보를 주고받을때 송신정보에 담긴 수신처의 주소를 읽고 가장 적절한 통신통로를 이용해 다른 통신망으로 전송하는 장치이다. OSI 7계층의 3계층인 Nerwork layer의 장비이다. 인터넷을 접속할때 반드시 필요한 장비로 서로 다른 프로토콜로 운영하는 통신망에서 정보를 전송하기 위해 경로를 설정하는 역할을 한다. 경로설정은 라우팅 프로토콜을 사용하며 라우팅 알고리즘을 관리하기 위해 라우팅 테이블을 만든다.

나. 구성방안

■ 라우팅: - rip, ospf, eigrp , bgp 등 Dynamic 라우팅 프로토콜을 사용하여 망연동을 하거나 static 라우팅 프로토콜을 사용하여 구성한다.

■ 이중화

- ISP나 라우터 장애에 대비하여 장비 이중화 또는 링크 이중화 구성을 한다.

- Dynamic 라우팅 프로토콜로 구성한 경우에는 라우팅 프로토콜에 의해 최소경로를 찾아가고 static 라우팅 프로토콜로 구성한 경우에는 장애시 우회경로로 통신할 수 있도록 매트릭 값을 조절해줘야 한다.

출처: Maverick Systems ( 홈 > 솔루션 > NI솔루션 > 라우터)

네트워크 용어사전

2008-03-11T14:43:00.000+01:00

네트워크 용어사전 - by Network Club NETSARANG

Glossary Of Terms - Broadcom Corporation

風林火山 Opening Theme

2008-03-07T15:51:00.000+01:00

NHK 2007

Mirror of JVM's Blog

방명록

Some Tutorials from HowtoForge

The Perfect Setup - Debian Etch (Debian 4.0)

Full Mail Server Solution w/ Virtual Domains & Users (Debian Etch, Postfix, Mysql, Dovecot, DSpam, ClamAV, Postgrey, RBL)

[VMWare] How to get the NIC working on a Linux guest(Debian Etch)

[Link] Knowledge Dump

Windows Server Domain Controller 기본 포트 목록

21/TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) -- FTP

25/TCP -- SMTP

53/UDP(User Datagram Protocol) -- DNS

80/TCP -- HTTP

88/UDP -- Kerberos

119/TCP -- NNTP

135/TCP -- RPC

137/UDP -- NetBIOS Name Server

138/UDP -- NetBIOS Datagram

139/TCP -- NetBIOS Session Service

389/UDP -- LDAP

443/TCP -- HTTPS

445/TCP -- SMB

464/TCP -- Kerberos Password V5

500/UDP-- ISAKMP

563/TCP -- SNEWS

593/TCP -- RPC over HTTP

636/TCP -- LDAP over SSL

1067/TCP -- Installation Bootstrap Service

1068/TCP -- Installation Bootstrap Service

1645/UDP -- IAS: Internet Authentication Service

1646/UDP -- IAS: 인터넷 인증 서비스

1701/UDP -- L2TP

1723/TCP -- PPTP

1812/UDP -- IAS: Internet Authentication Service

1813/UDP -- IAS: Internet Authentication Service

3268/TCP -- Microsoft Global Catalog

3269/TCP -- LDAP/SSL 포함 Microsoft Global Catalog

3389/TCP -- Remote Desktop Protocol

[Tip][Link] Protecting yourself when downloading using BitTorrent

Regular Expressions Summary table

[Definition] Backup-Strategien + Overview for the backup types

Active Directory Collection

Active Directory on a Windows Server 2003 Network

[wiki] Active Directory

Serverrollen

Die vier Hauptkomponenten

1. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

2. Kerberos-Protokoll

3. Common Internet File System (CIFS)

4. Domain Name System (DNS)

Active Directory란 무엇인가?

[Tip] How to create a New User on Windows Server 2003

[Tip] Deactivate the Shutdown Event Tracker + Set Interactive logon: Do not require CTRL+ALT+DEL

[Tip] Linux/Unix에서 압축파일 다루기

[Vista] 비스타 팁 총정리

[Link] IIS Admin Blog + ASP Free Forums

[Link] Getting Started With OpenSolaris 2008.05

[scrap] Howto use Blastewave and Sunfreeware Repositories in OpenSolaris 2008.05

Some links for Solaris

YouTube Video Quality Investigation

Route Poisoning

The security protocols to secure wireless computer networks

[Link] Frame Relay

[Link] Enhanced Inter-Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

[cisco.com] Understanding Port Security

[scrap] WAN Layer 2 Encapsulation

WAN Layer 2 Encapsulation

Figure 7-5. Data Link Layer: WAN Encapsulation Types Based on Connection Type

[cisco.com] Cisco Feature Navigator

[Link] High Quality on Youtube

[howtonetwork.net] How to configure your Router to be a Cisco DHCP Server

[howtonetwork.net] How to configure an Extended Access List on a Cisco Router

[howtonetwork.net] How to configure a Named Access List on a Cisco Router

[sixnetcg.com] Cisco Lite Teaching: Access List (Part 3 of 3)

[sixnetcg.com] Cisco Lite Teaching: Access List (Part 2 of 3)

[sixnetcg.com] Cisco Lite Teaching: Access List (Part 1 of 3)

[westgatenetworks.com] ACL Configuration on a Cisco Router

[westgatenetworks.com] NAT Configuration on a Cisco Router

[palaestratraining.com] Inter-VLAN Routing

[palaestratraining.com] Getting to Know Frame Relay

CCNA/CCNP 자료

Softwareentwickler und Informatiker
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